Multi-Objective Optimization Water–Nitrogen Coupling Zones of Maize under Mulched Drip Irrigation: A Case Study of West Liaohe Plain, China

The impact of different combinations water–nitrogen coupling on maize yield and the environment needs investigation. Low, medium, high levels irrigation N application gradients were studied through field experiments to elucidate suitable zone for spring in West Liaohe Plain during three hydrological year patterns under drip with plastic film. effects couplings yield, water- nitrogen-use efficiencies (WUE NUE), post-harvest soil alkali-hydrolyzable residues integrated by varying rates water fertilizer. A multi-objective optimization zones was performed integrating harvest index, WUE, environmental effects. Results show that an increase rate, residual amount increased slowly within a certain range. Upon exceeding amount, rapidly, more entered environment. NUE moderate treatment high, lower risk N. Moderate yielded highest index normal year. Irrigation rate had higher compared nitrogen application, because An appropriate results WUE must be adjusted according rainfall particular This study highlights need structuring specifically years.